MAC OS NOTES
Based on BSD Unix	Developed by Berkley
Unix created 01/01/1970	this is why factory default for MAC time is 01/01/1970
1987 NeXt project started	This later become the mainframe on MAC OS
current version: Tiger 10.4	requirements for 10.4 install	next version is lepard 10.5
	G3, G4, G5 Intel processor
	256MB ram
	3GB harddisk space
	firewire
	support for video card
Installation	before installation on mac
	copy data
	gather info: user accounts, network info
	installation types
	upgrade
	archived install - copies system files to different dir
	fresh install
To boot from CD installation	press C from start up (press T  - for Mac to search for a firewire device)
	CD has other Utilties	Disk Utility	Disk Utility	Create Partition
		System Profile	disks below - paritions	GUID - build machine with Intel arch.
		Terminal	disk image on the top is actual HD	Apple - PowerPC
				MBR - PC
				Partiton types
				MacOs extended - HFS+ with journalling
				Journalling - adds checkpoints in the filesystem incase there is a serious problem with the disk, it can rollback to a safe state.
				leopard - has Time Machine - for system restore
	Mac OS has background operations to deal with disk dragmentation
	Erase Disk	Erase data
		7/35 pass erase
	MAC RAID - does not support RAID5
	concatenation - RAID 1
	mirror - RAID 0
	stripped - RAID 5
	after installation MAC starts up as a headless state	No Licence Key required
File System (/)	There are 4 Main Folders in MAC	/
	System - no need to touch contains in this directory	/System
	Library - global resources,	/Librray
	Application - programs installed on system	/Application
	Users - home areas for users	/Users
	USER AREA
Permission	POSIX - manages the file permission	ACL is also available but switched of on server side
	GUI Permissions - Read Read Write Write No Access
	Mac Permissions not hierachical - User Dir has different users - if it was hierarchical all users will have access to all home areas User Dir Permissions: u = RW g = RW o = R
	UNIX Permissions READ WRITE EXECUTE
	Sections into 4 parts
	_ - specify type - d for directory l for link, for file left empty
	next three sections are for owner group and others
Permission Repair	all directories but User Dir will be fixed for permission faults
	Disk Utility
User Accounts 3 Types	System (root) - disabled on client side machines for machines to gain admin privileges on command line use sudo command - must be part of the sudo list	Create user account in System Preferances - User Accounts	add to the netino database - this is used to authenticate user and authorise access location of db: /var/db/	Enable Root account Netinfo Manager -> Security -> enable root account
	Administrator (account created on installation)
	Standard (Client account)
	shortname = name of user home folder not changeable
	Delete user accounts - Like windows user account data can be saved - sorted in Deleted Items folder in User folder. To restore account - copy folder back into main user dir, then create user with same shortname	Feature in 10.4
Command Line	on login windows >Console
	Remote terminal using ssh
	Apple S on start up
	sudo diskutil repairpermissions /	Disk permissions repair
	grep -I looks for instances (r for recursive)
	ifconfig - network information (en0 - eth0)
	ipconfig - more information about network	ipconfig getpacket en0
Networking	don’t need crossover cable for mac to mac connection	Network Utility and Network Diagnosis	Tools for network troubleshooting
	VPN - internet connections - applications
	PPTP - protected password connection
	L2TP over IP sec	more secure
	Protocols
	AFP - apple file sharing - only for apple	afp://ipaddress	has high encryption password	needs to lower encrytion if smb is used as well
	FTP - file transfer - not secure on, on mac read only, require client to read write (fetch)	ftp://ipaddress
	SMB - unix to windows file sharing	smb://ipaddress
	HTTP - for web	http://ipaddress
	SSH - secure shell	ssh user@ipaddress
	Discovery Protocols
	AppleTalk - legacy very slow Bonjour - standard on MAC SMB - file sharing SLP
	Authentication Process	Plaintext
		encryption
		Kerberos	use of a series of tickets to authorise users6 tickets at a time
Start Up Sequence	Application Layer
	Framework (API)
	Core services, Core Video/Audio Services	QuickTime, BSD
	Kernel (Darwin)
Power On Self Test (POST)	self test on hardware -> if pass chime sounds
	Loads from Boot ROM (first thing to be activated)
	no pass -> one beep mean no ram
	two beeps -> incompatitable ram
CPU Reset	CPU is not being used at this stage its being tested. After chime sound cpu is reset - so it points to area in memory where starup programs reside
Open Firmware	usually runs on Eraseable programmable ROM, to allow load software for boot
	written in a language called FORTH - program which was written to control radio telescopes
	fireware also listens for user keyboard input
	builds the device tree - recognition software to list all devices connected to the machine
	stores its parameters in PRAM - like the BIOS
	Inter - EFI
so far… only gathered information
BOOTX	loads the system
	if successful will show apple logo on grey screen
	if not - cross against it - bootx not working,
	folder logo - bootx ok system not present
	globe icon - net boot
Load Kernel	Loading symbol shows
	kernel not monolithic - not self contained and does call in additional drivers or modules as needed
	contains extension and support files are loaded first then kernel is loaded up
	I/O kit
Blue Screen
apple v for verbrose startup	Darwin begins - needs to start loading scripts and programs
	launchd - main process which looks after all programs
	looks in a series a folders to see what is going to load up
	/system/library/launchDaemon
	/system/library/launchAgents
	library/launchDaemon
	library/launchAgent
	library/startupItems
Log Viewing	Utilities - Console - Log file viewer
Keychain	storing passwords
	stored in loginwindow.plist
Applications	coco
	carbon - newer interfaces
	java
	BSD
Short cuts
Cltr-Alt-Apple eject	force shutdown
Cltr-Apple eject	force restart
Apple click title bar	allows you to use the title name as navigation
Apple i	get info
Apple Shift q	Log off
Apple s	on start up takes you to single user mode
apple q	quit program
apple w	close window
apple e	eject mounted partition
apple n	new finder window
Atl	to boot from any device
shift	on start up will take you to safe boot
	from here run file system consistency check fsck
apple delete	remove item
apple shift delete	remove from recycle
Cltr-click	gives you right click options on an icon
MAC STUFF
MAC RAID	to slot in tapes have to use allen key to unlock cases slot it disks and wait for green light before locking the case open server console, and click on RAID configuration click on new raid add the disks - this should then create the RAID creating volumes:
MAC Basics	open new finder window or go - computer to get full view of system.
MAC fonts	suitcase - preferences, download from server: admin no password ip address: 192.168.1.236
MAC	installing drivers - RESOURCE directory -- use fiery.eu drivers for minolta
quark	server: 192.168.1.236 port: 3660
Suitcase - installing fonts	click server tab and logon to suitcase server
	on font set navigate to the letter your fonts begin with
	Prepare folder for import
	NOTE: ensure foldername looks like font name
	drag and drop the folder of fonts required for import into the letter
	check to ensure folder has copied over
	click server tab then logoff
	go to client machine suitcase -> server then sync with server
mac backups - retrospect	To run a job, open retrospect from the bottom of the desktop (the dock).  Select the run menu at the top of the screen and select any of the scripts named OFFSITE -.  Select Recycle from the left menu and the backup set from the right.  The backup set is the case number for that day.
profile files - bookmarks	~/Library/Application Support/Firefox
if file name is too long, there will be problems printing